鲜切花采后处理及保鲜技术

鲜切花是花卉产业的重要组成部分,采后保鲜是鲜切花产业发展面临的关键性技术问题。阐述了鲜切花采收及预冷处理、保鲜技术和包装技术等方面的主要技术内容和发展现状,从物理、化学和生物保鲜方面分析了鲜切花保鲜的研究现状与趋势,为鲜切花保鲜提供技术支持和依据。     

Effects of salicylic acid on cold preservation and cryopreservation of encapsulated embryonic axes of Persian lilac (Melia azedarach L.)

Embryonic axes of Persian lilac (Melia azedarach L.)encapsulated into calcium alginate beads with sucrose (0.75 M) and salicylicacid (0, 50 M, 200 M) were subjected to cryopreservationtechnique with dehydration and freezing in liquid nitrogen or to coldpreservation by stocking alginate beads in empty petri dishes for 4 monthsat 4 °C. In these two cases 200 M salicylic acid enhancedsignificantly the percentage of viability of encapsulated embryonic axes andthe role of salicylic acid in increasing tolerance to dehydration is discussed.     

Induction and development of adventitious shoots of Atropa baetica as a means of propagation

In vitro propagation of Atropa baetica was established employing axillary buds. Single buds were cultured through a multiple shoot induction phase, rooting phase, and then followed by acclimatization in soil. For multiple shoot induction, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3% sucrose, supplemented with either 0.75 or 1.25 mg l^-1 of BAP provided the best results with an average of 5.6 shoots per explant after 31 days of culture. Similar results were obtained with higher BAP concentrations (1.75–2.0 mg l^-1); however, these media had a negative effect on the subsequent root induction due to residual BAP effect. Medium containing only 0.25 mg l^-1 of BAP induced a significantly lower number of shoots. Root induction occurred spontaneously after transferring the shoots onto MS medium lacking any plant growth regulator. Moreover, root induction also occurred on media supplemented with 0.125 and 0.25 mg l^-1 of NAA. On these two rooting media, this response was more prominent and with a higher number of roots per explant. Nevertheless, after 28 days on root induction medium, the number of rooted plantlets was similar on the three media. Acclimatization of plantlets in soil was very successful (95.52%). However, all plantlets which died during acclimatization were rooted on medium containing 0.25 mg l^-1 NAA suggesting a negative carry over effect of this medium upon plantlet survival, irrespective of the initial BAP treatment used. On the other hand, karyological studies showed no variation in the number of chromosome (2n=72) in root tips of the plantlets produced. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

稻谷低温储藏保鲜技术研究

在冬季干冷气候条件下,利用机械通风对储粮降温后用聚氯乙烯塑料泡沫板(或防虫磷药糠装袋)进行压盖试验,对稻谷在不同储藏方式下的储藏品质、菌落数、微生物区系等项目的变化进行对比分析,结果表明应用低温储粮技术储存稻谷等粮食能够起到保鲜作用,从而延缓粮食陈化,具有一定的可行性、实用性和良好的市场前景,进一步达到绿色储粮技术要求。     

Effect of feeding a pellet diet containing high sulphur with fresh cassava root supplementation on feed use efficiency,ruminal characteristics and blood metabolites in Thai native beef cattle

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding pellet containing high sulphur (PELFUR) diet and fresh cassava root (FCR) to Thai native beef cattle on feed use efficiency, ruminal characteristics and blood metabolites. Four male purebred Thai native beef cattle (1.5–2.0 years old) with initial body weight (BW) of 150 ± 15.0 kg were allocated with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was FCR supplementation at 15 and 20 g/kg of BW. Factor B was the sulphur level in the PELFUR ration at 15 and 30 g/kg of dry matter (DM). No interaction effect was found among FCR supplementation and PELFUR in terms of feed intake and nutrient intake (p > 0.05). Cyanide intake was significantly increased based on FCR supplementation (p < 0.05), whereas sulphur intake was increased by level addition of PELFUR levels (p < 0.05). There were interaction effects among FCR supplementation and PELFUR on digestibility coefficients of DM and organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05). FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg demonstrated the highest digestibility of DM and OM. Moreover, interactions were observed between FCR and PELFUR for bacterial populations (p < 0.01). The populations of bacteria were highest in FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg at various feeding times. An interaction effect from among feeding FCR with PELFUR was found on blood thiocyanate concentrations at various feeding times (p < 0.01). The highest mean values of blood thiocyanate were observed when feeding FCR at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR at 30 g/kg. No interaction effect was found between FCR and PELFUR on total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and their profiles (p > 0.05). However, the proportions of the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding were increased when FCR at 20 g/kg BW was supplemented (p < 0.01). FCR at 20 g/kg BW could enhance propionate (C3) at 4 h post-feeding when compared with FCR at 15 g/kg BW (p < 0.01). Moreover, supplementation of PELFUR at 30 g/kg increased the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding, whereas the concentration of C3 at 4 h post-feeding was enhanced (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found for any parameters among treatments and between the main effect of FCR and PELFUR supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of two combinations (FCR 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg) could promote the nutrient digestibility, the bacterial populations and the rate of disappearance of cyanide without having any adverse effect on rumen fermentation.     

鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸水平及经济指标的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄脂肪酸水平的影响。试验将672只产蛋性能一致的28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组蛋鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+20（T1）、40（T2）和60?mg/kg（T3）鲜茶叶粉,试验为期6周。结果：与对照组相比,T3组蛋鸡蛋重显著提高6.12%（P＜0.05）。T3和T2组蛋鸡料蛋比较对照组和T1分别显著降低了4.07、6.67%和2.12%、4.77%。T2和T3组蛋壳厚度较对照组分别显著提高了2.06%和2.27%（P＜0.05）。此外,T3组蛋黄颜色a值较对照组和T1组分别显著提高了34.78%和20.16%（P＜0.05）。T3组蛋黄胆固醇含量分别较其他组显著降低了10.90%、7.23%和8.16%（P＜0.05）,而对照组蛋黄硫代巴比妥酸值较处理组分别显著提高了54.91%、59.52%和57.65%（P＜0.05）,而T3组蛋黄C16：1脂肪酸水平较对照组和其他组分别显著降低25.60%、20.05%和24.51%（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加60?mg/kg鲜茶叶粉可以显著提高蛋鸡的蛋重、饲料效率和蛋壳厚度,降低蛋黄胆固醇及硫代巴比妥酸值。 [关键词]鲜茶叶粉|蛋鸡|生产性能|蛋品质|脂肪酸     

微孔保鲜膜制备方法与应用

全面介绍微孔保鲜膜的不同制备方法、微孔保鲜膜的主要性能特点及其应用前景,并简要分析微孔保鲜膜今后的发展方向.     

芍药切花保鲜研究进展

芍药花朵大、色艳、水养期长.笔者对国内外有关芍药切花衰老与保鲜技术研究概况进行了系统概述,并对芍药切花研究中存在的问题以及展望进行了讨论.     

不同保鲜剂对湿玉米面条保鲜技术的研究

湿玉米面条是当今广受人们喜爱的食品,但由于其水分含量高,在常温下容易发霉变质,不能长时间保存。研究和探讨了几种防腐保鲜剂(双吸剂、乳酸链球菌素、优利、脱氢醋酸钠和丙酸钙等)在常温下对湿玉米面条的保鲜效果,结果表明,几种防腐保鲜剂均具有一定的防腐保鲜作用,以Nisin0.1g/kg+优利0.5g/kg+丙酸钙0.315g/kg为最佳;脱氢醋酸钠0.5g/kg+丙酸钙0.4g/kg次之;双吸剂无论单独使用或结合以上几种防腐保鲜剂同时使用,都具有良好的保鲜效果,保鲜期可达2个月。     

细菌素及其在食品安全中的应用

细菌素是细菌产生的抗细菌蛋白质,杀死或抑制其他细菌的生长.许多乳酸菌产生多种多样不同的细菌素,有作为天然、安全食品防腐剂的潜力.nisin是目前惟一用作食品防腐剂的细菌素,有50多个国家许可将其作为食品添加剂.近年来,对细菌素的研究有了很大的进展,本文就细菌素的分类、生物合成和作用方式、细菌素与抗生素的区别、安全性及在食品中的应用等方面进行综述.